An international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in:
-international law
-international security
-economic development
-social progress
-human rights issues
History of the United Nations:
League of Nations
-was an international organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference in 1919-1920
-its goals included disarmament, preventing war through collective security, settling disputes between countries through negotiation diplomacy and improving global welfare.
-after a number of notable successes and some early failures in the 1920s, the League ultimately proved incapable of preventing aggression by the Axis Powers in the 1930s
-the onset of the Second World War suggested that the League had failed in its primary purpose — to avoid any future world war.
Inter-Allied Declaration
-Signed in London on 12 June 1941, the Inter-Allied Declaration- "to work together, with other free peoples, both in war and in peace" -was a first step towards the establishment of the United Nations.
Atlantic Charter
-On 14 August 1941, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt of the United States and Prime Minister Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom proposed a set of principles for international collaboration in maintaining peace and security. The document, signed during a meeting on the ship HMS Prince of Wales, "somewhere at sea", is known as the Atlantic Charter.
Declaration by United Nations
-On 1 January 1942, representatives of 26 Allied nations fighting against the Axis Powers met in Washington, D.C. to pledge their support for the Atlantic Charter by signing the "Declaration by United Nations". This document contained the first official use of the term "United Nations", which was suggested by President Roosevelt.
Moscow and Teheran Conferences
-In a declaration signed in Moscow on 30 October 1943, the Governments of the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, the United States and China called for an early establishment of an international organization to maintain peace and security. That goal was reaffirmed at the meeting of the leaders of the United States, the USSR, and the United Kingdom at Teheran on 1 December 1943.
Dumbarton Oaks Conference
-The first blueprint of the UN was prepared at a conference held at a mansion known as Dumbarton Oaks in Washington, D.C. During two phases of meetings which ran from 21 September through 7 October 1944, the United States, the United Kingdom, the USSR and China agreed on the aims, structure and functioning of a world organization.
Yalta Conference
-On 11 February 1945, following meetings at Yalta, President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill and Premier Joseph Stalin declared their resolve to establish "a general international organization to maintain peace and security".
San Francisco Conference
-On 25 April 1945, delegates of 50 nations met in San Francisco for the United Nations Conference on International Organization. The delegates drew up the 111-article Charter, which was adopted unanimously on 25 June 1945 in the San Francisco Opera House. The next day, they signed it in the Herbst Theatre auditorium of the Veterans War Memorial Building
24 October 1945
*United Nations is created as its Charter is ratified by the five permanent members of the Security Council and the majority of other signatories, and comes into force.
Secretary – General:
BAN KI-MOON
1.Country of Origin: Republic of Korea
2.The eighth Secretary-General of the United Nations
3.Brings to his post 37 years of service both in government and on the global stage.
Objectives of the United Nations:
1.To maintain international peace and security and to take effective collective measures for the prevention and removal of threats to the peace
2.To achieve international cooperation in solving international problems often economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character
3.To develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal rights and self-determination of peoples, and to take appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace
4.To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations in attaining these common ends
Principles of the United Nations:
1.UN is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its members;
2.All members shall fulfill in good faith the obligations under the Charter;
3.Settlement of international disputes by peaceful means;
4.Non-use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state;
5.Non-interference in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state.
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